This multilingual, online version of the classic hydrogeology textbook, Groundwater by Freeze and Cherry (1979), is currently maintained and developed by The Groundwater Project (GW-P). The online book was originally created by Hydrogeologists Without Borders (HWB) beginning in 2016 (see history below). In 2022, the online book was moved from HWB’s website to GW-P’s website to better consolidate with GW-P publications. GW-P plans to continue translating the book into additional languages to broaden its worldwide accessibility.

History and Acknowledgements by Hydrogeologists Without Borders

The inaugural meeting for this project was organized by Cathryn Ryan and held in Guelph, Ontario in 2016. The meeting was attended by John Cherry, Robert Gilham, Beth Parker, William Alley, Douglas Mackay, Robert Cleary and Warren Wood. Cathryn Ryan then worked with the original copyright holder (Pearson Education Inc.) to obtain permission to legally return the copyright to the authors who then gave HWB permission to digitize and translate the textbook.

HWB is grateful to the authors and Pearson Education Inc. for giving permission to post this excellent textbook on the web.

Financial Support

Cathryn Ryan and David Bethune obtained funding through the University of Calgary from Alberta Open Educational Resources to hire Aimee Lo and Tory Laliberte to digitize the textbook and create the webpages for HWB. Colour versions of the chapter title graphics were kindly provided by Peter Russell who created the original graphics for the book. GW Solutions provides a monthly donation.

Translation

Translation Coordinator: David Bethune

Spanish-language Coordinator: Luis Camilo Suescún

Chapter 1: Introduction

	Group Affiliation	Coordinator	Translators
Spanish		Antonio Barroso	Flavia Pelizardi (Argentina), Sandra Richard (France)
French	University of Ottawa	Alex Lemieux	Alex Lemieux (Canada), Emilia Wojciechowska (Canada), Vladyslav Rayda (Canada)
Italian	IAH-Italy	Viviana Re	Paolo Cerutti (Italy)
Portuguese		Everton de Oliveira	Isabella Elba Marcelo, Jean Junkes, Júlio Vilar, Marcela Klis Barbato, Michele Marques, Bruna Camargo Soldera, Ricardo Hirata, Diego Fernandes Nogueira
Arabic		Mauricio Eduardo Flores	Wisam M. Khadra (Lebanon)‎
Chinese		吴小龙	骆慧斌，雷颖，解千里，王立，吴小龙，张远，朱冬楠, 王立，吴小龙，朱冬楠

 

Chapter 2: Physical Properties and Principles

	Group Affiliation	Coordinator	Translators
Spanish		Francisco Castrillon	Francisco Castrillon (Colombia), Luis Camilo Suescún (Colombia), Claudia Patricia Arroyave (Colombia), Nelson Bernal (Colombia), Roberto Serna (Colombia)
French	University of Ottawa	Alex Lemieux	Michel Bakalowicz (France), Alex Lemieux (Canada), Jeff Norville (France), Sandra Richard (Canada)
Italian	IAH-Italy	Viviana Re	Stefano Viaroli (Italy), Michele Lancia (Italy)
Portuguese		Everton de Oliveira	Rafael Magnabosco Gomes, Paulo Galvão, Diego Fernandes Nogueira
Arabic		Mauricio Eduardo Flores	Hatim Sharif (USA)‎

 

Chapter 3: Chemical Properties and Principles

	Group Affiliation	Coordinator	Translators
Spanish		Francisco Castrillon	Luis Camilo Suescún (Colombia), Yelba Flores (Nicaragua), Rogelio Monreal (México), Ingrid Vargas (Costa Rica), Marcia Calderón (El Salvador)
French	HWB Volunteers in France	Timothée Le Guellec	Timothée Le Guellec (France)
Italian	IAH-Italy	Viviana Re	Mariachiara Caschetto
Portuguese		Everton de Oliveira	Caroline Fabiane Granatto, Felipe Leitzke, Marcos Vinícius, Mateus Edmar Eufrásio de Araújo, Theo Antonio De Jesus, Gabrielle Roveratti, Ulisses Terin, Fabio Pileggi, Ítalo Augusto Carneiro de Santana, Renan Lourenço de Oliveira Silva, Carolina Bittencourt, Débora Toledo, Ana Rios, Carlos Paulino M. Rodriguez, Samba Eduardo André, Karina Cenciani Rebelo; Daniel Marcos Bonotto, Rodrigo Lilla Manzione, Diego Fernandes Nogueira
Arabic		Mauricio Eduardo Flores	Wisam M. Khadra (Lebanon)‎

 

Chapter 4: Groundwater Geology

	Group Affiliation	Coordinator	Translators
Spanish		Antonio Barroso	Ronald Zapata (Bolivia), Luis Camilo Suescún (Colombia), Antonio Barroso (Bolivia-Canada)
French	IAH-France	Michel Bakalowicz	Michel Bakalowicz (France)
Italian	IAH-Italy	Viviana Re	Stefania Stevenazzi (Italy)
Portuguese		Everton de Oliveira	Aline Silva, Almir Gouvea, Luiz Cláudio Daldegan, Marcelo Henrique, Roberto Delphim, Vagney Augusto, Ana Maciel, Paulo Galvão, Diego Fernandes Nogueira
Arabic		Mauricio Eduardo Flores	Hussein Abduelhaleim Hussein Muhammed (China)

 

Chapter 5: Flow Nets

	Group Affiliation	Coordinator	Translators
Spanish		Marcia Calderón	José Mario Guevara Retana (El Salvador), Julio Ernesto Payes Hernández (El Salvador), José Roberto Duarte Saldaña (El Salvador), Marcia Lizeth Barrera de Calderón (El Salvador)
French	IAH-Canada	Éric Rosa	Éric Rosa (Canada), Vincent Cloutier (Canada)
Italian	IAH-Italy	Viviana Re	Emma Petrella (Italy), Luisa Stellato (Italy)
Portuguese		Everton de Oliveira	Aurélio Silva, Cesar de Oliveira F. Silva, Erika Justa, Jonathan T. Lima, José Augusto Correa Martins, Marlian Leão; Carlos Fabiano Rodrigues, Flávia M. F. Nascimento, Stephanie Wischer, Fernando de Mattos Coelho, Juliana Gardenalli de Freitas, Diego Fernandes Nogueira

 

Chapter 6: Groundwater and the Hydrologic Cycle

	Group Affiliation	Coordinator	Translators
Spanish		Marcia Calderón	José Mario Guevara Retana (El Salvador), Julio Ernesto Payes Hernández (El Salvador), José Roberto Duarte Saldaña (El Salvador), Marcia Lizeth Barrera de Calderón (El Salvador)
French	IAH-Canada	Marc-André Bourgault	Marc-André Bourgault (Canada), Marie Larocque (Canada)
Italian	IAH-Italy	Viviana Re	Maria Filippini (Italy)
Portuguese		Everton de Oliveira	Camila Pereira Lau da Silva, Fábio da Costa Silva, Josué Souza Passos, Marcelo Barison, Roberto Romano Neto, Ana Beatriz da Cunha Barreto, José Cláudio Viegas Campos, Gedalva Terezinha Ribeiro Filipini, Murilo Cesar Lucas, Hermam Vargas Silva, Vanda Maria de Lira, Matheus Sampaio Medeiros, Natanael da Silva Barbosa, David de Albuquerque, Fernando Fan, Fernando de Mattos Coelho, Juliana Gardenalli de Freitas, Diego Fernandes Nogueira

 

Chapter 7: Chemical Evolution of Natural Groundwater

	Group Affiliation	Coordinator	Translators
Spanish		Joel Carillo	Rafael Huizar Álvarez (Mexico), Marcos Adrián Ortega Guerrero (Mexico), Gloria Salazar Ramirez (Mexico), José Joel Carrillo Rivera (Mexico)
French	IAH-Canada	Vincent Cloutier	Vincent Cloutier (Canada), Éric Rosa (Canada)
Italian	IAH-Italy	Viviana Re	Diego Di Curzio (Italy), Stefania Stevenazzi (Italy)
Portuguese		Everton de Oliveira	Adriano Antunes Ferraro, Alessandro Cesarino, Carlos Diego de Souza Rodrigues, Estefânia Fernandes dos Santos, Fernando Lamego, Humberto Katsuyoshi Hagio, José Paulo G. M. Netto, Juliana Aparecida Galhardi, Leonardo Tozini Palagano, Mariana Muniz Blank, Maurício L. Viotti Cavalin, Paula Cristina Neuburger de Oliveira, Paula Rafahela Silva dos Santos, Pedro Augusto Ferreira Leite, Steven Deverel, Thomaz Zulpo, Daniel Cardoso, Gustavo Alves da Silva, Renato Macari, Cristina Deperon Maluf, Gabriel Ramiro Mesquita, Victor Soares Cardoso, Diego Nogueira, Claudia Varnier, Gerson Cardoso da Silva Jr., Juliana Gardenalli de Freitas

 

Chapter 8: Groundwater Resource Evaluation

	Group Affiliation	Coordinator	Translators
Spanish	Grupo de Investigaciones, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina	Monica D’Elia	Mónica D´Elia (Argentina), Marcela Perez (Argentina), Marta Paris (Argentina)
French	IAH-Canada	Alain Rouleau, Romain Chesnaux	Alain Rouleau (Canada), Romain Chesnaux (Canada)
Italian	IAH-Italy	Viviana Re	Giovanna De Filippis (Italy)
Portuguese		Everton de Oliveira	Alexandra Rodrigues Finotti, Ana Elisa Silva de Abreu, Anderson Luiz Ribeiro de Paiva, Alexandra Rodrigues Finotti, Bruno Gomes Leguizamon Bertoni, Eltiza Rodrigo Vasquez, Francesco Antonelli, Gerson Cardoso da Silva Jr., Haiany Cristina Ribeiro de Miranda, Ingo Wanfried, João Alberto Oliveira Diniz, Julio Yasbek Reia, Katarina Rempel, Lucas de Queiroz Salles, Malva Andrea Mancuso, Mateus Delatim Simonato, Murilo Cesar Lucas, Otávio Coaracy Brasil Gandolfo, Rauan T. P. Souza, Victor Kovaski Cescani, Bianca Souza Krupinsk, Diego Nogueira, Sueli Yoshinaga Pereira e Mirna Neves, Rodrigo Lilla Manzione

 

Chapter 9: Groundwater Contamination

	Group Affiliation	Coordinator	Translators
Spanish	IAH-Mexico	Miguel Rangel Medina	Miguel Rangel Medina (Mexico), Dayna Angélica Cañez Araiza (Mexico), Irlanda Patricia Grijalva Leal (Mexico), Diana Aglael Zayas Ayón (Mexico), Anho Antonio Taylor Castillo (Mexico), Mauricio Eduardo Flores (USA)
French	IAH-Tunisia	Jarraya Horriche	Faten Jarraya Horriche (Tunisia), Rachida Bouhlila (Tunisia), Mounira Zammouri (Tunisia), Amina Mabrouk (Tunisia), Imen Hassen (Tunisia), Meriem Ameur (Tunisia), Nabil Neji (Tunisia), Fairouz Slama (Tunisia), Nizar Ouartani (Tunisia), Hella Néji (Tunisia), Lamia Guellouz (Tunisia), Raja Chairi (Tunisia), Fadoua Hamzaoui (Tunisia), Raqya Al Atiri (Tunisia), Ezzeddine Laabidi (Tunisia)
Italian	IAH-Italy	Viviana Re	Eloisa Di Sipio (Italy), Nicolò Colombani (Italy), Viviana Re (Italy)
Portuguese		Everton de Oliveira	Lorena Suede Miranda, Viviane Japiassú Viana, Brenda Borges Mendonça, Celia Surita, Paulo Ricardo Frade, Idayana Marinho, Daniel Nogawa, Diogo Duarte, Rodrigo Silveira, Marcell Delgado, Alexandre Ruiz Picchi, Marina Araujo, Paulo Takahama, Carlos Eduardo John, Willian Derek Ruiz, Guilherme Mandelo Oliveira, Danusa Mayara de Souza, Marcus Silva, Leonardo Torres da Silva, Tays Lichs, Tirzah Siqueira, Lilian Puerta Machado Silveira e Marcio Alberto, Diego Nogueira, Juliana Baitz Viviani Lima, Paulo Lojkasek Lima, Ricardo Hirata

 

Chapter 10: Groundwater and Geotechnical Problems

	Group Affiliation	Coordinator	Translators
Spanish		Marvin Salguero	Valeria Delgado (Nicaragua), Sadia Lanza (Honduras), Marvin Salguero (Guatemala), Mauricio Eduardo Flores (USA)
French	HWB Volunteers in France	Timothée Le Guellec	Timothée Le Guellec (France)
Italian	IAH-Italy	Viviana Re	Nico Dalla Libera, Filippo Torresan, Daniele Pedretti
Portuguese		Everton de Oliveira	Ana Beatriz da Cunha Barreto, Ana Paula Brito, Carlos Aurélio Nadal, Fabiana Ferreira, Jayme de Paula, Lucas Scarpanti De Jesus, Nilo Dinis, Rafael Colombo Pimenta, Diego Nogueira, Luis de A. P. Bacellar, Paulo Galvão

 

Chapter 11: Groundwater and Geologic Processes

	Group Affiliation	Coordinator	Translators
Spanish		Ingrid Vargas	Ingrid Vargas Azofeifa (Costa Rica), Magdalena Monge Cordero (Costa Rica), Roberto Ramírez Chavarría (Costa Rica), Paola Alvarado Piedra (Costa Rica)
French	IAH-Canada	Éric Rosa	Éric Rosa (Canada), Vincent Cloutier (Canada)
Italian	IAH-Italy	Viviana Re	Marco Pola
Portuguese		Everton de Oliveira	Flávio Cogo, Frederico Gradella, Mírian Costa, Nataly Aranda, Natanael Barbosa, Paulo Negrão, Rafael Terada, Raul Livio, Bruno Conicelli, Paulo Galvão, Diego Nogueira

 

Technical Support

HWB thanks Aimee Lo, who did the vast majority of the transcribing and webpage creation.

Thank you to Peter Russell, for creating new digital colour chapter header illustrations from his original black and white illustrations.

Additional thanks to:
Olenka Ford
Natalie Szponar
Alex Lemieux
Lindsay Reynolds
Hannah Tweedie
Leah Wilson
Terri Cheung

Guidance and Other Support

Gilles Wendling
Michael Campana
Bernadette Conant
Greg Shyba
Everton de Oliveira
Kahle Middlebrook
Bethany Ladd
Shawn Loo